原文（英文）发表于2016年10月27日，为刘世坚律师在联合国欧洲经济委员会于2016年10月20日在日内瓦万国宫举行的TOS PPP会议上的发言内容节选。
Good afternoon! My name is Shijian Liu. I am a lawyer from JunHe LLP based in China. It’s my great honor to be here, on behalf of the consultant team of Fuzhou Metro Line 2 PPP Project, to introduce to you about this project, and our thoughts from the perspective of People First PPP. I know you talked a lot about lawyer today:-) Chinese lawyers are good at PPP because we are consulting thousands of this kind of project these two years. We are doing PPP projects with People & client first principle. Today my case study is about Fuzhou Metro Line 2.
各位下午好！本人刘世坚，来自于中国的君合律师事务所。今天非常荣幸来到万国宫，代表福州地铁2号线PPP项目的咨询顾问团队（编者注：中国国际工程咨询公司牵头，北京市君合律师事务所参与），向各位介绍这个项目，以及我们从“以人为本”的PPP的角度所做的相关思考。我知道大家今天谈论了很多关于律师的话题:-) 中国的律师在PPP领域做得不错，这是因为这两年我们为成百上千个此类项目提供过法律服务。我们基于以人为本、客户优先的原则参与PPP项目。今天我的案例分享的主题是福州地铁2号线。
I. PovertyAlleviation /Improving access to services
消除贫困/提高服务的可获得性
As far as Fuzhou Project is concerned, we think that two major concerns of People first PPPs, i.e., poverty alleviation and improving access to services, are related to each other.
· Fuzhou is capital city of Fujian province, far away from Beijing, not rich but with strong development of economy. With the development of economy and rapid urbanization, Fuzhou also faces the problem of economy inequality. A modern, efficient and sustainable transportation system is in urgent need,not only for easing traffic jam in downtown area, but also for boosting connectivity between the urban and rural areas, helping the rural area to sharethe benefit of social and economic development.
福州是福建省的省会，距离北京很远，并不十分富庶，但是有着强有力的经济增长。随着经济的发展和快速的城镇化，福州也面临着经济发展不平衡的问题。一个现代化、有效率而且可持续的交通体系成为其迫切的需求，不仅仅为纾解其市中心的交通拥堵，而且也为加强市区和郊区之间的联系，帮助郊区分享社会和经济发展的成果。
· Fuzhou Metro Line 2 is the main east-west line of Fuzhou, connecting downtown area, main urban area and rural area, passing commercial & financial area, residential area and university area. It is an amazing project for this City! It will definitely improve access for the rural people, with much lower cost and in a more efficient way, to essential public services,including education, medical treatment, professional training and so on.
福州地铁2号线是福州市主要的东西向交通线，连接着市中心、主城区和郊区，穿过商业和金融中心，居民区和大学城。对于这座城市而言，这个项目是非常令人期待的！它将毫无疑问地提升郊区居民以更低的价格和富有效率的方式获得公共服务，包括教育、医疗、专业培训及其它。
· With the construction and operation of the Project, the commercial business along Line 2 will be boosted, and the value of land along the rail will go high. The people, especially those live in rural area will benefit from the project in a long term.
随着项目的建设和运营，2号线沿线的商业开发将得到促进，沿线土地的价值也将上涨。福州市人民，特别是那些居住在郊区的人们将长期受益于此项目。
II. Mitigating the effects of climate changeand cutting CO2 emissions
减少CO2排放，降低对气候变化的影响
· This project is well defined and well prepared
未雨绸缪、有备而来
Before this Project, the local government had been working on Fuzhou Metro Line 1 for years. A lot of experiences, good and bad, are there for reference. To certain extent, the problems which emerged in Line 1, including the financing, land acquiring, construction, and delivery of public services, push the local government to apply PPP model in Line 2.
在发起本项目之前，当地政府已经就福州地铁1号线开展多年工作。有大量的经验和教训可供借鉴。在某种程度上，1号线出现的问题，包括融资、土地、施工及公共服务的提供，促使当地政府在2号线上适用PPP模式。
The preparation work made by the local government guarantees the quality of the Project to some extent, including plan, design, construction (civil works to be invested and completed by the government, and leased to the PPP Project Company), FSR, VFM & FCD.
当地政府的准备工作在一定程度上确保了项目的质量，包括规划、设计、施工（土建工程拟由政府投资完成，并租赁给PPP项目公司），可行性研究，物有所值评价和财政承受能力论证等。
Fuzhou city government decided in 2015 to have the electro mechanical system of Line 2 (the procurement and installation of the electro mechanical system of Line 2 and the operation of Line 2) carried out in the manner of PPP.
福州市政府在2015即决定以PPP的模式实施2号线的机电设备项目（2号线机电系统的采购与安装，以及2号线的运营）。
· For now, there is large percentage of population living and working in downtown area of Fuzhou, but only 18% population travel by public transportation. In recent years, the number of vehicles grow very fast (motor vehicles increase by15%, electrical motor by 30%), adding traffic, and heavier burden on the environment as well.
目前，福州有较大比例的人口都在市中心工作和生活，而只有18%的人使用公共交通。在近几年，机动车的保有量上升很快（摩托车上升了15%，汽车30%），加剧了交通拥堵，同时也使得环境负担增加。
· The Project will increase the ability of public transportation of Fuzhou,ease the traffic jam, and encourage the people to travel in a green way.
本项目将提升福州市的公共交通能力，缓解交通拥堵，并鼓励人们选择绿色出行。
III. Replicability, training of employees, women empowerment, engagement of all stakeholders, etc.
可复制性、员工培训、女性地位提高、利益相关方的参与等等
· Replicability
可复制性
I believe that Fuzhou Metro Company, after Line 1 & 2 projects, willgo outside Fuzhou, go to market and share its successful experiences with othercities, just like Beijing Metro, where Mr. Ren comes from.
我相信，在地铁1号线和2号线项目完成之后，福州地铁将（有能力）像任宇航先生所在的京投公司一样，走出福州，走向市场，去和其他城市分享其成功的经验。
· Training of employees.
员工培训
Fuzhou metro Line 1 has already prepared some human resources for Line 2, including well trained employees and experienced manager. With the participation of a competent private sector, we believe that the PPP project company will do much better in this respect.
福州地铁1号线已经为2号线预备好了一些人力资源，包括经过良好培训的员工和富有经验的管理人员。加上强有力的社会资本的参与，我们相信PPP项目公司在这方面能够做得更好。
· Women empowerment
女性地位提高
To be honest, I must say “women empowerment” is not a real problem in modern China. Actually, our boss in this Project is female, Madam Fang. She has sufficient authorization from the government. Tough, demanding and determined.I have to say, one of the reasons that we can do a good job in this project isbecause of her.
实话实说，我不认为“女性地位提高”在现代中国是个特别大的问题。事实上，我们在本项目里的老板就是一位女性——方总。她拥有来自政府的充分授权，强硬、要求高而且有决心。我得说，我们之所以能够把这个项目做好，方总就是原因之一。
· Engagement of all stakeholders
利益相关方的参与
By applying open bidding procedures, we selected a competitive and competent investor for the Project. The successful bidder is a consortium composed of five companies, each of them has its own advantages required for the project, including equipment manufacturing and supply, and operation as well.
通过公开招标，我们为本项目选择了一家具有竞争力的投资人。中标人是一家联合体，其中五个成员都有着本项目要求的不同的优势，包括设备制造和供应，以及运营等等。
We create a new financial model based oncash flow to address the concerns about reasonable and steady return of investment. To some extent, this kind of financial model focuses less on traditional concept of VFM, but more on the project company’s ability and performance of delivering public services, so as to encourage the project company to move away from profit maximization to a continued, steady and high-quality provision of services. We think that it is also what the new generation of “PPPs for SDGs” is calling for.
We set up a reasonable and complete risk allocation mechanism, to prevent the possible risks and lower its potential damages.
我们建立了一套合理、完整的风险分配体系，以规避可能的风险，并降低其潜在损害。
We communicated with the relevant government authorities from time to time, to win their understanding and support, which is especially critical in China.
我们与相关的政府部门不时地保持沟通，以赢得他们的理解和支持，这在中国尤其关键。
We respect the ideal of People First, put the public interest in the first place, and reflect it in all kinds of requirements upon the Project Company.
我们尊重以人为本的理念，将公共利益放在首位，并将之反映于对项目公司的各项要求之中。
Yes, standard is important for replicability. However, PPP project is so complicated that we cannot copy a model without any change, no matter how successful such model is in a single project. We believe that innovation and creativity based on right ideals (like People First) is critical for a successful PPP project.
是的，对于可复制性而言，标准非常重要。然而，PPP项目是如此复杂，以至于我们不能一成不变地复制一种模式，无论其在任何一个项目中曾经取得多大的成功。我们相信，基于正确的理念（如“以人为本”）而来的创新和创造力，对于一个成功的PPP项目而言是非常重要的。
Sorry I am out of time. In conclusion, we would like to share our experience and understanding in different projects, industries, cities and countries. You are welcome to us if you are interested in China’s PPP.
抱歉我超时了。总之，我们愿意分享我们在不同的项目、行业、城市和国家的经验和领悟。如果各位对中国的PPP感兴趣的话，欢迎与我们联系。
Thank you!
谢谢！
P3带路原创集锦：
第九十六篇——P3带路评：《基础设施和公共服务领域政府和社会资本合作条例（征求意见稿）》
第九十五篇——P3带路拾遗——中国PPP制度顶层设计的主要问题和改进建议
第九十四篇——浅议PPP项目的财政承受能力论证
第九十三篇——P3带路评：《国家发展改革委关于加快运用PPP模式盘活基础设施存量资产有关工作的通知》
第九十二篇——《企业投资项目监督管理暂行办法 （征求意见稿）》简评
第九十一篇——“PPP台九条”简评
第九十篇——《杭州市城市轨道交通资金筹措与平衡办法》简评
第八十九篇——财金55号文对PPP ABS的影响简析
第八十八篇——PPP迷局及破解招法小议
第八十七篇——PPP和推背图
第八十六篇——法律视角下的PPP项目资产证券化
第八十五篇——刘世坚律师在联合国PPP论坛上的发言
第八十四篇——重磅文件《关于进一步规范地方政府举债融资行为的通知》简评
第八十三篇——《财政部湖南专员办：加强地方政府融资平台公司债务监管的几点建议》简评
第八十二篇——再谈PPP合同争议解决机制
第八十篇——土地使用权作价出资（入股）在PPP项目中的适用简析
第七十九篇——PPP合同下政府付费的几个原则
第七十八篇——《政府出资产业投资基金管理暂行办法》简析
第七十五篇——ABS是PPP痛点的放大镜 也是PPP改革的催化剂
第七十四篇——国家发改委PPP项目工作导则的影响力初显
第七十二篇——财政部监察专员办事处对PPP项目融资模式的影响
第七十一篇——PPP重磅利好文件简评
第七十篇——地方债、政府支出责任与PPP
第六十九篇——PPP最新重磅文件简评
第六十七篇——中国PPP发展之主要障碍及对策
第六十六篇——中国式PPP可持续发展的三个核心问题
第六十五篇——写在PPP立法边上
第六十篇——PF2学习笔记之四——法律变更及其风险分担
第五十九篇——刘世坚律师在联合国TOS PPP会议上的发言
第五十五篇——P3带路，中国声音——中国PPP专家代表团联合国活动侧记
第五十二篇——PPP项目性质及审批制度简析
第五十一篇——PPP立法及配套制度体系刍议（下）
第五十篇——PPP立法及配套制度体系刍议（中）
第四十九篇——PPP立法及配套制度体系刍议（上）
第三十九篇——地方债写给PPP的一首情诗
第二十七篇——中国PPP制度顶层设计的主要问题和改进建议
第二十四篇——刘世坚律师在特许经营立法专家组成立会上的发言
第十七篇——PPP发展现状之三大背离
第十四篇——供给侧、引力波和PPP
第十二篇——你永远无法赶跑看热闹的人——PPP中国中心解密
始发篇——PPP灌水专栏
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