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Why do wealthy Chinese and Koreans like emigrating to the West, while Japanese prefer to stay in Japan?
为什么中韩富人喜欢移民西方，而日本人喜欢待在本国
Tommy Wu, works at Risk Management
Answered May 2
While your questions specifies wealthy Northeast Asians, its more broadly answered by looking at all Northeast Asians, wealthy and less-wealthy alike. As of 2017 in terms of per-capita purchasing power,Japan and Korea have both pretty much hit parity with the west. The U.S. is abnormally unequal (high gini-coefficient) and has lower levels of public services (no free college for most, no universal medical coverage), but compared to the other immigrant friendly Western countries such as the UK (or Canada, Australia, Germany, etc.) people living in Japan and South Korea already have on average the same level or higher of discretionary income, safety, healthcare etc. If your just as well off, for the typical person, economic migration, the main driver of any form of migration other than wars spawning refugees, is now moot.
Nice world bank Google chart of PPP:
Google Public Data Explorer
You’ll notice that China still lags far behind, while Korea has over the last 2 decades virtually converged with Japan and the West.
This is reflected in the 2016 Net Migration figures for the three countries:
Effectively 0 for Japan, and positive 2.6 for South Korea(probably alot of SE Asians and Chinese) while China has a -.4 or 4 people per 10,000 net migrating away, which seems small until you realize that’s still half a million people per year!
I’m having trouble digging up the stats in a quick Google search, but I’m willing to bet that prior to breaching the 15k to 20k range of PPP (before the roaring 90s), South Korea had far more emigrants than immigrants.
你的问题指向了东北亚富人，但应该纵观整个东北亚人口来回答这个问题，包括富有的和不那么富有的。截止2017年就人均购买力而言，日本和韩国几乎和西方持平。美国的贫富差距是非常大的（高基尼系数），而且公共服务水平低（大部分人没有免费的大学教育，没有全民医保覆盖），但是和其他移民友好国家如英国（或者加拿大，澳洲，德国等等）相比，日韩人民平均而言已经拥有了同样或者更高水平的可支配收入，安全和医保等等。所以如果你已经如此富裕，那么经济移民就没有必要了，除非你是因战争而不得不逃离自己的国家。
你会发现中国依然落后，而韩国在过去12年来几乎已经和日本以及西方持平。
2016年三国的净移民数据就体现了这一点：
日本是0，韩国是2.6（可能很多是东南亚人和中国人）而中国是 -.4，或者说1万人有4人移民出国，看起来是很少，但是也达到了每年50万人了。
谷歌搜索找不到数据，但是我打赌韩国的购买力平价GDP在达到1.5万到2万美元这个区间范围之前（就是90年代之前），韩国的移出人口肯定比移进人口多很多。
Central Intelligence Agency
(source: CIA factbook, enjoy it while our White House still allows putting public facts on websites!).
Now you might be wondering, if your already wealthy, why not stay somewhere with cheaper average labor costs and live like a king?
现在你不禁思考，如果你已经足够富裕，为什么你不待在一个劳动成本更廉价的地方并像国王一样生活呢？
Well, it turns out per-capita incomes are also highly correlated with well-functioning, high-trust societies and institutions (see books like Why Nations Fail I’m still not 100% convinced of the causal direction or which one kickstarts which). Despite South Koreans seemingly endless history of corruption at the highest echelons of government + cooperation/collusion with the Chaebols on levels that would make China’s SOEs blush, for the most part Korean citizens still get awesome education, private property protections and the best healthcare in the world and don’t go around murdering people or stealing stuff). Why risk the off chance that you lose all your wealth (via Chinese PRC confiscation of land 20 years from now when the property lease runs out perhaps?) and live in a country with less developed legal frxworks when you can live in Canada where your 99% sure you and your family are at no risk of bodily harm?
人均收入还与运作良好且高度信任的社会和制度相关（详见书籍如《为什么国家衰弱》，我现在还不是百分百确信到底哪个因果关系才是正确的）
虽然韩国人貌似拥有无尽的政府高层腐败历史，再加上与财团的合作/勾结，其程度之深，相比之下，中国的国企真是小巫见大巫。但大部分韩国人依然可以获得良好的教育，私人财产得到保护，以及世界上最好的医保，谋杀和小偷小摸的事情也很少。所以如果你可以住在安全的加拿大，你凭什么要移民去不那么发达的法律不健全的而且可能导致你财产损失（比如20年后由于租赁期到期，中国人的土地被政府没收？）的国家呢？
There could be some slight cultural reasons too (maybe Koreans are slightly adventurous/ outward looking than the Japanese who have extremely strict inward bound immigration policies), but I’m pretty confident economic migration explains the bulk of these variances. For someone more ambitious than me, you can download a panel data for of net-migration rates vs. per capita gdp from the World Bank (for 100+ countries across 50+ years) and run some fun scatterplots and regressions.
My credibility :)
I’m an East Asian immigrant who minored in East Asian Civilizations and have been to all of the countries listed in the above World Bank chart.
6.6k Views · 20 Upvotes
而且可能也存在文化原因（或许韩国人有点冒险精神，具有外向视野，而相比之下，日本人则拥有非常严格的内向移民政策），但是我觉得经济原因起主要作用。
我是个东亚移民，辅修东亚文明，去了很多亚洲国家
Sena Im
Answered Apr 28
Probably because they think living in a western country is an advantage for education, business or investments. The great majority of immigrants from China or Korea that move west do it for the economic and education opportunities. Since they really don’t have a clue how regular citizens in the west live their lives they pretty much assume living in the west is picturesque.
It’s well known that wealthy Chinese people buy up land and properties as an asset in the case of emergency if anything were to go wrong with business or work. There are people that intend to move to the west so they can live in a cleaner, cultured environment cause quite frankly the air quality isn’t the best in East Asia. Normally people who do have money stay in their countries because they can live life best there.
可能是因为他们觉得住在西方国家有利于教育，商业或投资。来自中韩的绝大部分移民都是为了经济和教育机会。由于他们不知道普通西方人的生活是怎样的，所以他们就假设住在西方是很棒的事情。
众所周知，中国富人会购买土地和财产等资产以防自己在生意或者工作上的不利。有些人移民西方是为了那里的环境和文化氛围，因为东亚的空气质量真的不是最好的。一般来说有钱人都会待在自己国家，因为在本国他们可以拥有最好的生活。
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